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SS ''George W. Elder'' (1874–1935) was a passenger/cargo ship. Originally an east coast steamer, she was built by John Roach & Sons in Chester, Pennsylvania. The ''George W. Elder'' became a west coast steamer in 1876 and served with the Oregon Steamship Company, Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company, San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company and the North Pacific Steamship Company. In 1907, the ''George W. Elder'' helped to rescue the survivors of her former running mate ''Columbia''. The last owners of the ''George W. Elder'' were a Chilean firm which operated her under the name ''America''. She operated the Chilean Coast under this guise until 1935, when she was finally scrapped. The location of her scrapping remains unknown.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=George W. Elder (steamer) – Magellan – The Ships Navigator )〕 ==History== The ''George W. Elder'' was launched in 1874 at the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works of John Roach & Sons in Chester, Pennsylvania and first served as a nightboat for the Old Dominion Steamship Company on the New York City to Chesapeake Bay route. She was equipped with brigantine-rig sail configuration and a triple-expansion steam engine rated between and . The ''George W. Elder'' drew of water, was long, had a beam of and measured 1,709 gross tons. Due to her design, the ''George W. Elder'' was able to visit several different ports. In 1876, the ''George W. Elder'' was sold to the Oregon Steamship Company, which brought the ship around Cape Horn and placed her on the San Francisco, California to Portland, Oregon route. The ''George W. Elder'' became part of the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company fleet after O.R. & N purchased the Oregon Steamship Company.〔 In O.R. & N service, the ''George W. Elder'' served alongside the innovative ''Columbia'', which was the first structure to use the incandescent light bulb outside Thomas Edison's laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey.〔Jehl, Francis (Menlo Park reminiscences: written in Edison's restored Menlo Park laboratory ), Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village, Whitefish, Mass, Kessinger Publishing, 1 July 2002, page 564〕〔Dalton, Anthony (''A Long, Dangerous Coastline: Shipwreck Tales from Alaska to California'' ) Heritage House Publishing Company, 1 Feb 2011 – 128 pages〕 O.R. & N was bought out by the Union Pacific Railroad in 1898.〔Belyk, Robert C. ''Great Shipwrecks of the Pacific Coast''. New York: Wiley, 2001. ISBN 0-471-38420-8〕 On May 31, 1899, the ''George W. Elder'' set out of Seattle, Washington on a scientific exploration voyage to Russia, via British Columbia and Alaska. Although her stopovers were brief, the actions and nature of research done on the ''George W. Elder'' followed tradition. The voyage, called the Harriman Expedition, was over long. The ''George W. Elder'' was captained by Peter A. Doran during this expedition. After the Harriman Expedition, the United States Army drafted the ''George W. Elder'' in November 1899 for use as a troopship in the Philippines during the Spanish–American War. Strangely during this time, the owners of the ''George W. Elder'' were listed as Goodall, Perkins & Company, the agents of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company who were the owners of the ill-fated ''Pacific'' back in 1875.〔 In December of the same year, she was returned to O.R. & N. In 1904, the ''George W. Elder'' was transferred to the newly formed San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company along with the ''Columbia''. During this time, the ''George W. Elder'' continued to build on its reputation for being a safe vessel. In 1905 however, this reputation vanished, when the ''George W. Elder'', now 31 years old, struck a rock along the Columbia River and sank under of water. After being salvaged, the San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company abandoned her and she was sold in Auction to Captain J.H. Peterson. In 1906, the ''George W. Elder'' was sold to the North Pacific Steamship Company, who would be her last American owners. In a chance of coincidence, the ''George W. Elder'' was paired the SS ''Roanoke'', which had also been built as a nightboat for the Old Dominion Steamship Company. On July 21, 1907, the former running mate to the ''George W. Elder'', the ''Columbia'' collided with the lumber schooner ''San Pedro'' off Shelter Cove, California, causing the ''Columbia'' to sink, killing 88 people. Among the dead was Captain Peter A. Doran, who had commanded the ''George W. Elder'' on her 1899 Harriman Expedition. Both the ''George W. Elder'' and ''Roanoke'' arrived at the site of the disaster and picked up ''Columbia''s survivors from the badly damaged ''San Pedro''. The ''George W. Elder'' returned some of the survivors to Astoria, Oregon.〔 The ''George W. Elder'' also towed the ''San Pedro'' to shore, following the disaster. By 1915, the North Pacific Steamship Company was struggling, due to the loss of their steamer ''Santa Clara'' on the bar of Coos Bay, Oregon, in 1914. The management considered closing the company's doors. Thankfully, relief came when the California South Seas Navigation Company chartered both ''Roanoke'' and ''George W. Elder''. Neither were used for passenger service under this charter. Unfortunately, the ''Roanoke'' capsized and sank off the California coastline, on her second voyage under the charter. Only three people survived. During World War I, the ''George W. Elder'' was leased by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, which was at the time owned by the Grace Line. The ''George W. Elder'' was used during this time as part of a four ship feeder service for Central American and Mexican ports. At war's end, now 44 years old, the ''George W. Elder'' was sold to Artigas Riolrio Compania, based in Valparaiso, Chile, they were to be her last operators. The ''George W. Elder'' was renamed ''America'' and served the Chilean coastline until 1935. The ''America'' was reported scrapped at this time, but it remains uncertain whether the job was done in Japan or Valparaiso. Either way, the ''America'' had reached an outstanding age of 61 years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS George W. Elder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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